How snow-sure is Santa Caterina?
At Santa Caterina, there was enough natural snow at Christmas in 26 of the 30 winters 1984/85–2013/14: at least 30 cm on 10 or more of the 14 days from 22 December to 4 January at mid-mountain (2,300 m; pistes 1,721–2,886 m). With snowmaking: 30 of 30. Climate models expect an average of 9.2 such Christmas days with natural snow there in 2041–2060 (RCP4.5), against 12.1 in 1986–2005. Source: Copernicus C3S, Sondrio region.
More snowy Christmases than 85% of ski resorts in Italy and than 67% of the 690 European resorts on this site.
Christmas, year by year
Each box is one Christmas holiday (22 December to 4 January): the darker, the more days with at least 30 cm of natural snow. Outlined: at least 10 of the 14 days.
Christmases without enough natural snow (2,300 m): 1993/94, 1997/98, 2000/01, 2004/05.
Every winter in numbers
| Winter | Days ≥ 30 cm, natural snow | Days ≥ 30 cm, with snowmaking |
|---|---|---|
| 1984/85 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1985/86 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1986/87 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1987/88 | 10 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1988/89 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1989/90 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1990/91 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1991/92 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1992/93 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1993/94 | 5 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1994/95 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1995/96 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1996/97 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1997/98 | 0 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1998/99 | 10 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 1999/00 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2000/01 | 0 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2001/02 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2002/03 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2003/04 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2004/05 | 0 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2005/06 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2006/07 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2007/08 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2008/09 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2009/10 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2010/11 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2011/12 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2012/13 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
| 2013/14 | 14 of 14 | 14 of 14 |
Bottom, middle, top
| Level | m | C3S height band | Snowy Christmases | Days ≥ 30 cm per season |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom (lowest run) | 1,721 | 1,700 | 6 of 30 | 47 |
| Mid-mountain | 2,304 | 2,300 | 26 of 30 | 160 |
| Top (highest run) | 2,886 | 2,900 | 29 of 30 | 188 |
The whole season
| Days with ≥ 30 cm (average), Natural snow | 160 |
|---|---|
| Days with ≥ 30 cm (average), With snowmaking | 192 |
| Days with ≥ 5 cm of natural snow (average) | 194 |
| Typical continuous snow cover ≥ 30 cm, Natural snow | 25 November – 13 May (Winters with a continuous cover: 30/30) |
| Typical continuous snow cover ≥ 30 cm, With snowmaking | 14 November – 26 May (Winters with a continuous cover: 30/30) |
Christmases with enough natural snow: 13 of 15 in 1984/85–1998/99, 13 of 15 in 1999/2000–2013/14. Snow days (≥ 30 cm) per season on average: 161 and 160.
What about the future? Climate scenarios
| Period | Christmas, days natural | Christmas, days with snowmaking | Season, days natural | Season, days with snowmaking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Models, reference 1986–2005 | 12.1 | 14.0 | 159 | 195 |
| Scenario RCP4.5 (medium emissions) 2021–2040 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 142 | 184 |
| Scenario RCP4.5 (medium emissions) 2041–2060 | 9.2 | 13.8 | 130 | 178 |
| Scenario RCP8.5 (high emissions) 2021–2040 | 9.6 | 14.0 | 132 | 177 |
| Scenario RCP8.5 (high emissions) 2041–2060 | 6.8 | 13.9 | 112 | 165 |
Average of several regional climate models (EURO-CORDEX). Compare the scenarios with the model reference 1986–2005, not with the yearly values above: models and reanalysis have different errors. Scenarios are not forecasts.
Same numbers as
The data describe a region and a 100 m height band, not individual runs. These resorts lie in the same region at the same mid-mountain band: Livigno.
The resort
| Country | Italy |
|---|---|
| Region (NUTS-3) | Sondrio (ITC44) |
| Pistes (OpenStreetMap) | 26 km |
| Pistes from … to | 1,721–2,886 m |
| Lifts | 8 |
| Map | OpenStreetMap |
What the numbers mean
- “Snow” here means at least 30 cm of snow depth in the model (Crocus) — enough to ski on, not just a white field.
- The model works per region (NUTS-3) and 100 m height band, not per piste; north-facing slopes, wind and glaciers are not taken into account.
- The reanalysis ends with the 2013/14 winter. More recent winters are not included.
- “With snowmaking” is the model's typical snowmaking, not the resort's actual equipment.